Drug Names and Manufacturers

1. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ("Nukes")
2. Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
3. Protease Inhibitors
4. Integrase Inhibitors
5. Attachment and Fusion Inhibitors
6. Antisense Drugs
7. Immune Modulators

None of these drugs can kill the HIV virus, but each class slows down the multiplication of the virus (replication) in a particular way.

Combination medications: Some manufacturers have combined more than one drug into a single tablet or capsule. Combinations within a single class are listed below. Combinations of more than one type of drug are discussed in Fact Sheet 409.

1. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ("Nukes")

The first anti-HIV drugs. They block reverse transcription (the creation of viral DNA from RNA) by providing "decoy" building blocks that interrupt the process. Most are nucleoside analogs; tenofovir is a nucleotide analog.

Year Approved*	Generic Name	Trade Name	Also Known As:	Manufacturer
1987	Zidovudine	Retrovir	AZT, ZDV	GlaxoSmithKline & generic
1991	Didanosine	Videx	ddI	Bristol-Myers Squibb & generic
1992	Zalcitabine	Hivid	ddC, dideoxycytidine	Roche: Manufacture discontinued in 2006
1994	Stavudine	Zerit	d4T	Bristol-Myers Squibb & generic
1995	Lamivudine	Epivir	3TC	GlaxoSmithKline & generic
1997	Zidovudine/ lamivudine	Combivir	Combines AZT and 3TC	GlaxoSmithKline & generic
1998	Abacavir	Ziagen	ABC	GlaxoSmithKline & generic
2000	Zidovudine/ lamivudine/ abacavir	Trizivir	Combines AZT, 3TC, abacavir	GlaxoSmithKline
2001	Tenofovir	Viread	TDF	Gilead Sciences & generic
2003	Emtricitabine	Emtriva	FTC	Gilead Sciences & generic
2004	Abacavir/lamivudine	Epzicom	Combines Ziagen and 3TC	GlaxoSmithKline & generic
2004	Emtricitabine/tenofovir	Truvada	Combines Emtriva and Viread	Gilead Sciences & generic
Fact Sheet 410 has information on other nukes in human trials.

2. Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

These also interrupt reverse transcription, by binding to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and restricting its activity.

Year Approved*	Generic Name	Trade Name	Also Known As:	Manufacturer
1996	Nevirapine	Viramune	NVP	Boehringer Ingelheim & generic
1997	Delavirdine	Rescriptor	DLV	Pfizer/Agouron
1998	Efavirenz	Sustiva,Stocrin	EFV	Bristol-Myers Squibb & generic
2008	Etravirine	Intelence	ETR	Tibotec
Fact Sheet 430 has information on other non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitors in human trials.

3. Protease Inhibitors

Block the action of protease, an enzyme that cuts HIV protein chains into specific proteins needed to assemble a new copy of the virus. NOTE: when you see "/r" after the name of a protease inhibitor, that means it is boosted with a small dose of ritonavir. For example, SQV/r means saquinavir boosted with ritonavir. At present, only lopinavir and ritonavir are available in a single pill.

Year Approved*	Generic Name	Trade Name	Also Known As:	Manufacturer
1995	Saquinavir	Invirase	SQV	Roche
1996	Ritonavir	Norvir	RTV	Abbott
1996	Indinavir	Crixivan	IDV	Merck
1997	Nelfinavir	Viracept	NFV	Pfizer/Agouron
1997	Saquinavir	Fortovase; Manufacture discontinued in 2006		Roche
1999	Amprenavir	Agenerase; Manufacture discontinued in 2007		GlaxoSmithKline
2000	Lopinavir/ritonavir	Kaletra, Aluvia	LPV	Abbott & generic
2003	Atazanavir	Reyataz®™	ATV	Bristol-Myers Squibb
2003	Fosamprenavir	Lexiva®™, Telzir	FPV	GlaxoSmithKline
2005	Tipranavir	Aptivus	TPV	Boehringer Ingelheim
2006	Darunavir	Prezista	DRV	Tibotec
Fact Sheet 440 has information on other protease inhibitors in human trials.

4. Integrase Inhibitors

Block the action of integrase, an enzyme that inserts the viral DNA into the infected cell's DNA strands.

Year Approved*	Generic Name	Trade Name	Also Known As:	Manufacturer
2007	Raltegravir	Isentress	RGV	Merck
Fact Sheet 470 has information on other integrase inhibitors in human trials.

5. Attachment and Fusion Inhibitors

Prevent HIV from attaching to a cell.

Year Approved*	Generic Name	Trade Name	Also Known As:	Manufacturer
2003	Enfuvirtide	Fuzeon	T-20	Trimeris/Roche
2007	Maraviroc	Selzentry, Celsentri	MVC	Pfizer
Fact Sheet 460 has information on other fusion and attachment inhibitors in human trials.

6. Antisense Drugs

These are a "mirror image" of part of the HIV genetic code that locks onto the virus to prevent it from functioning.

Fact Sheet 470 has information on antisense drugs in development.

7. Immune Modulators

Use the body's chemical messengers to stimulate the immune response. Over a dozen immune modulators are being studied in humans. See Fact Sheet 480 for more information.

*Year of approval in the U.S.A. Many generic versions have been approved under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. See www.fda.gov/oia/pepfar.htm for more information.