Many books, journals and Web sites were used to prepare the information in this guide. They may be useful for your own research into complementary therapies.

There is a wealth of information available both in print and online. And it isn't always easy to determine which information is trustworthy. For help in finding your way through this jungle of information and mis-information, CATIE also publishes a Resource Guide: complementary and alternative health care and HIV/AIDS resources. This guide is available online at www.catie.ca or you can obtain a print copy by calling us at 1-800-263-1638 [if you're in Canada].

When doing research, keep the following points in mind:

1) Try to find information from as many sources as possible to get a number of different viewpoints on the same information. This may help raise questions worth considering.

2) Never rely solely on information provided by people who are making money from your use of the therapy. While many commercial sources provide comprehensive, easy-to-read information, it is in their best interest to make their product or service look good.

3) Be careful to separate opinion from fact. Many people feel that complementary therapies have made a difference in their lives. Hearing about another person's experiences is a wonderful way to learn, but it's important to make sure that their enthusiasm does not blur the line between what they know and have experienced and what they believe to be true.

Refer to the section "red flags" when assessing information about a product. Although the World Wide Web is a massive and ever-growing source of information on complementary therapies, it is also a growing source of misinformation. Carefully consider what you read. If you have any questions about what you have read in this guide or elsewhere, call CATIE toll free at 1-800-263-1638.

Complementary Therapies -- General

Canadian Health Network, Complementary and Alternative Health Centre
www.canadianhealthnetwork.ca
Contains consumer-oriented, quality assured, web-based resources on a variety of complementary therapies topics.

Canadian Complementary Medical Association (CCMA)
www.ccmadoctors.ca/index.htm
Contains links to what the CCMA considers to be the best complementary therapies Web sites.

CAM on PubMed
www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html
Free online searching of the medical literature for information on complementary therapies.

Alternative Medicine
http://www-hsl.mcmaster.ca/tomflem/altmed.html
Canadian site with a great list of links to various sources of alternative medicine information.

WholeHealthMD.com
www.wholehealthmd.com/index/
Features the latest news and advancements in complementary and alternative medicine.

Cassileth BR. The Alternative Medicine Handbook. New York: WW Norton and Company, 1998.

Harden BL and Harden CR. Alternative Health Care: The Canadian Directory. Toronto: Nobel Ages Publishing Ltd, 1997.

Complementary Therapies and HIV -- General

CATIE
www.catie.ca
1-800-263-1638
Contains a wealth of resources on complementary therapies, including the Positive Side magazine on holistic health, Practical Guides on nutrition and herbal therapies, Fact Sheets on specific herbs and supplements, and links to other reviewed articles and Web sites on the Internet. CATIE-News, TreatmentUpdate and Innovations cover new developments in research on complementary therapies.

AIDS Committee of Toronto
www.actoronto.org/library
Provides links to articles and Web sites on complementary therapies for people living with HIV/AIDS

AIDSmap (NAM, United Kingdom)
www.aidsmap.com
Includes publications on complementary therapies produced by the National AIDS Manual.

British Columbia Persons with AIDS Society (BCPWA)
www.bcpwa.org
Contains articles and resources on complementary therapies for people living with HIV/AIDS

COMP_THERAPIES_HIV
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/comp_therapies_hiv
E-mail news service containing reviews of research and news from around the world about complementary therapies pertaining to HIV/AIDS.

DAAIR (Direct Access Alternative Information Resources)
www.daair.org/daair/dp.nsf/pages/home
Contains a series of articles describing alternative treatment substances, including use, side effects, warnings, and a corresponding literature review.

The Sensible Guide to Using Complementary Health Care for Optimal Health
http://www3.sympatico.ca/devan.nambiar
Details one Canadian man's research and personal experience with complementary therapies.

Kaiser J. Healing HIV. How to rebuild your immune system. Mill Valley: Health First Press, 1999.

Furler MD, Einarson TR, et al. Use of complementary and alternative medicine by HIV-infected outpatients in Ontario, Canada. AIDS Patient Care and STDs 2003;17(4):155-168.

Hsiao AF, Wong MD, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use and substitution for conventional therapy by HIV-infected patients. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2003;33:157-165.

Bica I, Tang AM, et al. Use of complementary and alternative therapies by patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2003;9(1):65-76.

Heath KV, Gatarick N, et al. Complementary therapy use in a province-wide HIV-AIDS drug treatment programme. Eighth Annual Canadian Conference on HIV/AIDS Research, Victoria 1999.

Ostrow MJ, Cornelisse PGA, et al. Determinants of Complementary Therapy Use in HIV-Infected Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral or Anti-opportunistic Agents. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology 1997 Jun 1;15(2):115-20.

Ayurvedic Medicine

The Ayurveda Institute
www.ayurveda.com/online resource/index.html
Contains an Online Ayurvedic Resource Centre.

Spirrill D. Introduction to Yoga. The Positive Side 2001 fall/winter; 5(4):14-17.

Frawley D. Ayurvedic Healing: A Comprehensive Guide. Salt Lake City: Passage Press, 1989.

Frawley D, Lad V. The Yoga of Herbs: An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine. Twin Lakes: Lotus Light Publications, 1986.

Kriyananda G. The Spiritual Science of Kriya Yoga. Chicago: Temple of Kriya Yoga, 1997.

Lad V. The Complete Book of Ayurvedic Home Remedies. New York: Harmony Books, 1998.

Lidell L. The Sivananda Companion to Yoga. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.

Svoboda R. Ayurveda: Life, Health and Longevity. Arkana: Penguin Books, 1993.

Morris K. Meditating on yogic science. The Lancet 1998 April;351:1038

Pereira J. Yoga International 1996; March-April; 29-33

Homeopathy

National United Professional Association of Trained Homeopaths
http://www.nupath.org
Contains FAQs about homeopathic treatments and a directory of homeopathic practitioners in Canada and North America.

Ullman D. Controlled clinical trials evaluating the homeopathic treatment of people with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2003;9(1):133-141.

Jonas WB, Kaptchuk TJ, et al. A critical overview of homeopathy. Annals of Internal Medicine 2003;138(5):393-9.

Ullman D. The Consumer's Guide to Homeopathy: The Definitive Resource For Understanding Homeopathic Medicine and Making it Work for You. Los Angeles: JP Tarcher, 1996.

Linde K, Clausius N, et al. Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. The Lancet 1997 September 20;350(9081):834-843.

North American Aboriginal Healing Traditions

McLeod A. As the Wheel Turns: the HIV/AIDS Medicine Wheel. The Positive Side 2004 spring;6(4):14-6.

2-Spirited Peoples of the 1st Nations. Nashine Ginwenimawaziwin (Constant Care). Toronto: 1998.

Macleod-Shabogesic P. HIV/AIDS The Medicine Wheel: A Healing Journey. Ontario: The Union of Ontario Indians, 1995.

Naturopathy

The Canadian Association of Naturopathic Doctors (CAND)
www.naturopathicassoc.ca/index.html
Contains a directory of naturopathic practitioners, and questions and answers about naturopathic practices.

The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (CCNM)
www.ccnm.edu
Contains a "Learning Resources Center" for links to online databases, journal indexes, and the library's catalogue.

Bastyr University
www.bastyr.edu/default.asp
Contains a "Library-Resources" section featuring Bastyr's library catalogue, research guides, book reviews, and links to other online resources.

Pizzoro JE, Murray MT (Eds). Textbook of Natural Medicine, second edition (2 Volumes). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Cohen MR, Doner K. The HIV Wellness Sourcebook: An East/West Guide to Living Well With HIV/AIDS and Related Conditions. New York: Henry Holt, 1998.

Anastasi JK, McMahon DJ. Testing strategies to reduce diarrhea in persons with HIV using traditional Chinese medicine: acupuncture and moxibustion. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2003;14(3):28-40.

Gelantino ML, Eke-Okoro et al. Use of noninvasive electroacupuncture for the treatment of HIV-related peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 1999 April;5(2):135-42.

Shlay JC, Chaloner K, et al. Acupuncture and amitriptyline for pain due to HIV-related peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998;280(18):1590-5.

Abuaisha BB, Costanzi JB, et al. Acupuncture for the treatment of chronic painful peripheral diabetic neuropathy: a long-term study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 1998;39(2):115-21

Wu B. Effect of acupuncture on the regulation of cell-mediated immunity in the patients with malignant tumours. [Article in Chinese] Chen Tzu Yen Chiu 1995;20(3):67-71.

Aromatherapy

Durand C. Oil Well. The Positive Side 2002 spring/summer; 6(1):12-13.

Worwood VA. The Fragrant Pharmacy. London:
Bantam Books, 1990.

Buckle J. Clinical aromatherapy and AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 2002;13(3):81-99.

Dunn C, Sleep J, et al. Sensing an improvement: an experimental study to evaluate the use of aromatherapy, massage and periods of rest in an intensive care unit. Journal of Advanced Nursing 1995 Jan;21(1):34-40.

Colour Therapy

Frawley D. Ayurvedic Healing: A Comprehensive Guide. Passage Press, 1989.

Svoboda R. Ayurveda: Life, Health and Longevity. Arkana: Penguin Books, 1993.

Flower Essences and other Essence Therapies

The World Wide Essence Society
www.essences.com/wwes/

Cunningham D. Flower Remedies Handbook. New York: Sterling Publications, 1992.

Shapiro JG. The Flower Remedy Book. Berkley: North Atlantic Books, 1999.

World Wide Essence Society

Herbal Therapies

Dominion Herbal College
www.dominionherbal.com
Contains information about common herbs, with colour photos. "Netta's Garden" section gives details about specific herbs including use, and recipes. "Friends" section provides an extensive list of links to other Web sites providing herbal information

HerbMed
www.herbmed.org/index.asp
Evidence-based, interactive herbal database. Provides links to scientific data regarding the use of medicinal herbs.

Chandler RF (Ed). Herbs. Everyday Reference for Health Professionals. Nepean, ON: Canadian Pharmacists Association and the Canadian Medical Association; 2000. pp.193-95

Blumenthal M. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicine. Austin: American Botanical Council, 1998.

Murray MT. Healing Power of Herbs. Second edition. Rocklin CA: Prima Health, 1995.

Iridology

Ernst E. Iridology: not useful and potentially harmful. Archives of Ophthalmology 2000;118:120-121.

Jensen B, Bodeen D. Visions of Health: Understanding Iridology. New York: Avery Publishing Group, 1992.

Adams D. A Closer Look at Iridology. Vitality 1998 April;58-63.

Juicing

Meyerowitz S. Juice for Cell Health. Alive 1998; 174:20-24.

Calbom C, Keane M, et al. Juicing for Life. New York: Avery Publishing Group 1992.

S. Meyerowitz. Juice Fasting and Detoxification. Great Barrington: Sproutman Publications, 1999.

Murray MT. The Complete Book of Juicing. Rocklin: Prima Publishing, 1992.

Michael Onstott. Detoxicology. POZ 1997 May:1-3. Available at www.poz.com

Massage and Manipulation Techniques

Canadian Massage Therapist Alliance (CMTA)
www.cmta.ca
Contains an extensive list of Massage Therapy associations across Canada, as well as a helpful guide to reading research articles. Includes links to free, full text massage therapy publications and other massage therapy and general CAM Web sites.

Diego MA, Field T, et al. HIV adolescents show improved immune function following massage therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience 2001;106(1-2):35-45.

Birk TJ, McGrady A, et al. The effects of massage therapy alone and in combination with other complementary therapies on immune system: measures and quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2000; 6(5):415-14.

Ironson G, Field T, et al. Massage therapy is associated with enhancement of the immune system's cytotoxic capacity. International Journal of Neuroscience 1996 Feb;84(1-4):205-217.

Birk TJ, MacArthur RD, et al. Lack of effect of 12 weeks of massage therapy on immune function and quality of life in HIV-infected persons [Abstract] Th.B.4105. International Conference on AIDS, 1996 July.

Scafidi F, Field T. Massage therapy improves behavior in neonates born to HIV-positive mothers. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1996 Dec;21(6):889-897.

Mind-Body Medicine

Weiser J. How does it feel. The Positive Side 2003 fall; 6(2):42-46.

Valian R. De-stress yourself. The Positive Side 2003 spring; 6(2):42-46.

Waselnuk G. Breathing lessons. The Positive Side. 2001 fall/winter; 5(4): 12-13.

Yang-style Tai Chi
http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Philosophy/Taichi/tc-home.html

Lutgendorf SK, Antoni MH, et al. Changes in cognitive coping skills and social support during cognitive behavioral stress management intervention and distress outcomes in symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive gay men. Psychosomatic Medicine 1998 Mar;60(2):204-214.

Lutgendorf SK, Antoni MH, et al. Cognitive-behavioral stress management decreases dysphoric mood and herpes simplex virus-type 2 antibody titers in symptomatic HIV-seropositive gay men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1997 Feb;65(1):31-43.

Taylor DN. Effects of a behavioral stress-management program on anxiety, mood, self-esteem, and T-cell count in HIV positive men. Psychological Reports 1995;76(2):451-7.

Carson VB. Prayer, meditation, exercise, and special diets: behaviors of the hardy person with HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 1993 Jul-Sep;4(3):18-28.

Kolcaba K, Fox C. The effects of guided imagery on comfort of women with early stage breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy. Oncology Nursing Forum 1999 Jan-Feb;26(1):67-72.

Tusek D, Church JM, et al. Guided imagery as a coping strategy for perioperative patients. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN) Journal 1997 Oct;66(4):644-9.

Zachariae R, Kristensen JS, et al. Effect of psychological intervention in the form of relaxation and guided imagery on cellular immune function in normal healthy subjects. An overview. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1990;54(1):32-9.

Zachariae R, Hansen JB, et al. Changes in cellular immune function after immune specific guided imagery and relaxation in high and low hypnotizable healthy subjects. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1994;61(1-2):74-92.

Touch Therapies

The Therapeutic Touch Network of Ontario
http://www.therapeutictouchnetwk.com
Contains articles, newsletter, list of teachers and links to other sources of therapeutic touch information

Ireland M. Therapeutic touch with HIV-infected children: a pilot study. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 1998 July; 9(4): 68-77.

Honervogt T. The Power of Reiki. New York: Owl Books, 1998.

DNCB

Stricker RB, Goldberg B, et al. Decrease in viral load associated with topical dinitrochlorobenzene therapy in HIV disease. Research in Virology 1997 Sep;148(5):343-348.

Traub A, Margulis SB, et al. Topical immune modulation with dinitrochlorobenzene in HIV disease: A controlled trial from Brazil. Dermatology 1997;195 (4):369-373.

Union Square Medical Association, San Francisco: http://www.usmamed.com/05hiv/index.htm

Melatonin

Libermann PM, Wolfler A et al. Melatonin and the Immune System. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 1997;112:203-11

Lissoni P, Rovelli F, et al. Circadian secretions of IL-2, IL-12, IL-6 and IL-10 in relation to the light/dark rhythm of the pineal hormone melatonin in healthy humans. Natural Immunity 1998;16(1):1-5.Lissoni P,

Vigore L, et al. Neuroimmunotherapy with low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 plus melatonin in AIDS patients with CD4 cell number below 200/mm3: a biological phase-II study. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents. 1995 Oct-Dec;9(4):155-8.

Oxygen Therapies

Altman N. Oxygen Healing Therapies. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press, 1995.

Bocci V, Venturi G, et al. Lack of efficacy of ozone therapy in HIV infection. Clinical Microbiol Infect 1998;4(11):667-9.

Zebley J, Altieri R, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as Adjunctive Therapy for PCP. AIDS Patient Care 1995 Dec; 9(6):270.

Reilo M. Hyperbarbic Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Debilitating Fatigue Associated With HIV/AIDS. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 1993 July-September;4(3):33-38.

Reilo M, Altieri R. HIV Antiviral Effects of Hyperbarbic Oxygen Therapy. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care 1996 Jan-Feb; 7(1):43-45.

Bocci V. Ozone as a bioregulator: pharmacology and toxicology of ozonetherapy today. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 1996;10(2-3):31-53.