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U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Hepatitis C Reference Manual
Selected Readings

Virology

  1. Bukh J, Miller RH, Purcell RH. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: quasispecies and genotypes. Seminars in Liver Disease 1995;15:41-6.

  2. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359-62.

  3. Farci P, Alter HJ, Govindarajan S, et al. Lack of protective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis C virus. Science 1992;258:135-40.

  4. Farci P, Alter HJ, Wong DC, et al. Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees after antibody-mediated in vitro neutralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1994;91:7792-96.

  5. Shimizu YK, Hijikata M, Iwamoto A, Alter HJ, et al. Neutralizing antibodies against hepatitis C virus and the emergence of neutralization escape mutant viruses. J Virology 1994;68:1494-1500.


Natural History

  1. Alter MJ, Margolis HS, Krawczynski K, et al. The natural history of community-acquired hepatitis C in the United States. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1899-1905.

  2. Bellentani S, Tiribelli C, Saccoccio G, et al. Prevalence of chronic liver disease in the general population of Northern Italy: the Dionysos study. Hepatology 1994;20:1442-49.

  3. DeBac C, Stroffolini T, Gaeta GB, et al. Pathogenic factors in cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter Italian study. Hepatology 1994;20:1225-30.

  4. Di Bisceglie AM, Order SE, Klein JL, et al. The role of chronic viral hepatitis in hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease. J Hepatology 1991;12:70-4.

  5. Koff RS, Dienstag JL. Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C and the association with alcoholic liver disease. Seminars in Liver Disease 1995;15:101-9.

  6. Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P. Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Lancet 1997;349:825-32.

  7. Seeff LB. Natural history of viral hepatitis, type C. Seminars in Gastrointestinal Disease 1995;6:20-7.

  8. Shakil AO, Conry-Cantilena C, Alter HJ, et al. Volunteer blood donors with antibody to hepatitis C virus: clinical, biochemical virologic, and histologic features. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:330-37.

  9. Stroffolini T, Chiaramonte M, Tiribelli C, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection, HBsAg carrier state and hepatocellular carcinoma: relative risk and population attributable risk from a case-control study in Italy. J Hepatol 1992;16:360-3.

  10. Yu MC, Tong MJ, Coursaget P, et al: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral markers in Black and White patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:1038-41.


Disease Burden and Epidemiology

  1. Aach RD, Stevens CD, Hollinger FB, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in post-transfusion hepatitis. An analysis with first- and second-generation assays. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1325-9.

  2. Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Shih JW, et al. Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1494-1500.

  3. Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West. Seminars in Liver Disease 1995;15:5-13.

  4. Alter MJ. The epidemiology of acute and chronic hepatitis C. Liver Clinics of North America 1997, in press.

  5. Bresee JS, Mast EE, Coleman PJ, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection associated with administration of intravenous immune globulin. JAMA 1996;276:1563-7.

  6. CDC. Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection associated with home infusion therapy for hemophilia. MMWR 1997;46:597-9.

  7. Conry-Cantilena, C, VanRaden M, Gibble J, et al. Routes of infection, viremia, and liver disease in blood donors found to have hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1691-6.

  8. Esteban JI, Gomez J, Martell M, Cabot B, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus by a cardiac surgeon. N Engl J Med 1995;334:555-60.

  9. Garfein RS, Vlahov D, Galai N, et al. Viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses. Am J Pub Health 1996;86:655-61.

  10. Mast EE, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1997;8:17-22.

  11. Moyer LA, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C virus in the hemodialysis setting: a review with recommendations for control. Sem Dial 1994;7:124-7.

  12. Ohto H, Terazawa S, Sasaki N, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. N Engl J Med 1994;330:744-50.

  13. Schreiber GB, Busch MP, Kleinman SH, et al. The risk of transfusion-transmitted viral infections. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1685-90.

  14. Seeff LB, Alter HJ. Spousal transmission of the hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:807-9.

  15. Thomas DL, Zenilman JM, Alter HJ, et al. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among patients attending Baltimore sexually transmitted diseases clinics -- an analysis of 309 sex partnerships. J Infect Dis 1995;171:768-75.


Screening and Diagnostic Tests

  1. DeMedina M, Schiff ER. Hepatitis C: diagnostic assays. Seminars in Liver Disease 1995;15:33-40.

  2. National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel Statement: Management of Hepatitis C. Hepatology 1997;26:2S-10S.


Prevention and Counseling

  1. American Academy of Pediatrics. Hepatitis C. In: Peter G, ed. 1997 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 24th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics 1997:260-5.

  2. CDC. Hepatitis B virus: a comprehensive strategy for eliminating transmission in the United States through universal childhood vaccination: recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). MMWR 1991:40(No.RR-13)1-25.

  3. CDC. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 1996;45(No.RR-15):1-30.

  4. CDC. Public Health Service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. MMWR 1991;40(RR-4):1-17.

  5. CDC. Recommendations for follow-up of health-care workers after occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus. MMWR 1997;46:603-6.

  6. CDC. Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection associated with home infusion therapy for hemophilia. MMWR 1997;46:597-9.

  7. CDC, HRSA, NIDA, SAMHSA. Medical advice for persons who inject illicit drugs. HIV Prevention Bulletin May, 1997.

  8. Dusheiko GM, Khakoo S, Soni P, Grellier L. A rational approach to the management of hepatitis C infection. BMJ 1996;312:357-64.

  9. Gostin LO, Lazzarini Z, Jones TS, Flaherty K. Prevention of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases among injection drug users. A national survey on the regulation of syringes and needles. JAMA 1997;277:53-62.

  10. Hagan H, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman, et al. Reduced risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among injecting drug users participating in the Tacoma syringe exchange program. Am J Pub Health 1995;85:1531-37.

  11. Koester SK, Hoffer L. "Indirect sharing": additional HIV risks associated with drug injection. AIDS & Pub Policy J 1994;9:100-5.

  12. Krawczynski K, Alter MJ, Tankersley DL, et al. Effect of immune globulin on the prevention of experimental hepatitis C virus infection. J Infect Dis 1996;173:822-8.

  13. Mast EE, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C. Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1997;8:17-22.

  14. Miller R. Guidelines for counselling adolescents with haemophilia and HIV infection and their families. Aids Care 1995;7:381-9.

  15. National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel Statement: Management of Hepatitis C. Hepatology 1997;26:2S-10S.


Management and Treatment

  1. DiBesceglie AM, Conjeevaram HS, Fried MW, et al. Ribavirin as therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:897-903.

  2. Fried MW. Therapy of chronic viral hepatitis. Medical Clinics of North America 1996;80:957-72.

  3. Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. The treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1997;5:347-56.

  4. National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Panel Statement: Management of Hepatitis C. Hepatology 1997;26:2S-10S.

  5. Poynard T, Bedossa P, Chevallier M, et al. A comparison of three interferon alfa-2b regimens for the long-term treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1457-62.

  6. Poynard T, Leroy V, Cohard M, et al. Meta-analysis of interferon randomized trials in the treatment of viral hepatitis C: effects of dose and duration. Hepatology 1996;24:778-89.

  7. Schvarcz R, Yun ZB, Sonnerborg A, et al. Combined treatment with interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in patients with a previous non-response or non-sustained response to interferon alone. J Med Virol 1995;46:43-47.


This article was provided by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


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