Closer collaboration among drug makers, including joint clinical trials, is needed to limit the spread of resistance to HIV/AIDS drugs, according to David Reddy, chief of the antiviral franchise at Roche. Reddy made his remarks in advance of his attendance at the 3rd International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment.

Reddy acknowledged that pharmaceutical firms have traditionally done little to cooperate. The fact that patients need a cocktail of drugs often manufactured by different companies, however, demands joint studies. "We are looking to companies to collaborate in the development of new drugs. We are very open to discussion with other companies in this area," he said.

Brazil, which is hosting the conference, recently threatened to override AIDS drug patents held by Gilead, Merck, and Abbott and issue compulsory licenses under World Trade Organization rules. All three agreed to changes in their contracts that will significantly reduce per-patient costs. Reddy, however, said it is important that innovation continue to be fostered and rewarded. "The contribution that companies like Roche can bring should not be underestimated. Without research and development, there are no drugs. The generic industry is not the answer," he said.

The epidemic's challenges are significant, Reddy said: "We've almost got all the low-hanging fruit. There is a real uphill battle now, and the potential for the virus to catch up. We are trying to stay one step ahead."

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