HIV/AIDS and Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders

While Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) represent 0.3% of the total population in the United States, the AIDS case rate for NHOPI was twice that of the White population in 2009.
In 2009, Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders were almost three times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV infection, as compared to the White population.
Hawaiian/Part-Hawaiians represent 8.6% of Hawaii's population, but accounted for 11% of the total reported AIDS cases up to 2008. From 2000 to 2007, the percentage Native Hawaiian cases, of the total reported cases for HIV, has increased.¹
In most of the U.S. Pacific Territories, the HIV infection rate is higher than the national rate for Whites.

At a Glance -- HIV Infection Cases (Adults and Children)

Estimated number of diagnosed cases and rates (per 100,000) of HIV, 2009 (United States)
	# Cases	Rate	NHOPI/ White Ratio
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander males	26	41.2	2.8
White males	10,093	14.8

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander females	8	13.3	5.5
White females	1,699	2.4

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (both sexes)	34	21.0	2.9
White (both sexes)	11,803	7.2

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 3a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

Estimated number of diagnosed cases and rates (per 100,000) of HIV, 2009 (United States)
	# Cases	Rate
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander	0	0
White	11	0.0
Total Population	166	0.4

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 5a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

Estimated number of cases of HIV infection by year of diagnosis, 2009 (40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting)
	# Cases	% of total cases
NHOPI	34	--
White	11,803	28%
Total Population	42,011

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 1a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

Estimated number of persons living with HIV infection by year, 2008 (40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting)
	# Cases	Rate	NHOPI/White Ratio
NHOPI	295	187.5	1.4
White	215,720	131.3	--
Total Population	663,084	276.5	--

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 15a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

Estimated number of male adults or adolescents (>13 years) living with HIV infection year-end 2008, by transmission category (40 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting)
Transmission	# NHOPI Cases	% of NHOPI Cases	# White Cases	% of White Cases
Male-to-male sexual contact	197	85%	144,944	80%
Heterosexual contact	18	8%	7,583	4%
Injection drug use	9	4%	13,755	8%
Male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use	8	3%	14,304	8%
Other	1	0.4%	1,483	0.8%
Estimated Total	233		182,069

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 17a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

Estimated % of female adults or adolescents (>13 years) living with HIV infection year-end 2008 by transmission
Transmission	# NHOPI Cases	% of NHOPI Cases	# White Cases	% of White Cases
Heterosexual contact	48	77%	20,921	65%
Injection drug use	11	18%	10,782	33%
Other	2	3%	504	2%
Estimated Total	62		32,207

Estimated number of diagnosed cases and rates (per 100,000) of AIDS, 2009 (United States)
	# Cases	Rate (per 100,000)	NHOPI/White Ratio
NHOPI males	43	24.2	2.5
White males	8,121	9.8

NHOPI females	7	4.0	2.7
White females	1,344	1.5

NHOPI (both sexes)	50	11.2	2.4
White (both sexes)	9,467	4.7

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 4a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

Estimated number of cases and rates (per 100,000) of AIDS, 2009 (United States)
	# Cummulative Cases	# Cases	Rate (per 100,000 population)
NHOPI	7	0	0
White	1,602	1	0.0
Total Population	9,448	13	0.0

Estimated number of cases of AIDS by year of diagnosis, 2009
	Cumulative # Cases	# Cases	% of total cases
NHOPI	839	50	0.1%
White	426,102	9,467	28%
Total Population	1,108,611	34,247

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 2a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

National data not available at this time.

Estimated number of deaths of persons with AIDS by year of death, 2008
	Cumulative # Deaths	Rate	# Deaths	NHOPI/White Ratio
NHOPI	347	2.7	12	1.1
White	253,397	2.4	4,766	--
Total Population	594,496	5.3	16,088	--

Source: CDC 2011. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States and Dependent Areas, 2009, v.21. Table 12a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2009report/pdf/2009SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 2MB]

Age-adjusted percent of HIV testing status among persons 18 years of age and over, 2009
	Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	Non-Hispanic White	Hispanic/ Non-Hispanic White Ratio
Ever tested	32.1	37.3	0.9
Never tested	67.9	62.7	1.1

Source: CDC 2010. Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: 2009. Table 41.
www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_10/sr10_249.pdf [PDF |1.6MB]

Estimated number of cases and rates (per 100,000) of HIV, 2008-2009 (U.S. Territories)
Region	Number of HIV/AIDS cases, Cummulative	HIV Cummulative Rate
U.S. National-White	--	8.2*
U.S. All Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander	--	22.8*
American Samoa	3	4.6
Federated States of Micronesia	37	33.4
Guam	196	107.6
Northern Mariana Islands	34	53.9
Republic of Palau	9	44.1
Republic of Marshall Islands	22	40.6

*Data represents all ages in the United States, 2008 only. Comparable data is not available; this is for illustration only.

Source: Secretariate of the Public Community 2010. Cummulative reported HIV, AIDS and AIDS deaths: cases, incidence rates and gender, 2009.
www.spc.int/hiv/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=378&itemid=148 [PDF |23KB]

Source (U.S. National): CDC 2010. HIV Surveillance Report: Diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in the United States abd Dependent Areas, 2008, v.20. Table 1a.
www.cdc.gov/hiv/surveillance/resources/reports/2008report/pdf/2008SurveillanceReport.pdf [PDF 7MB]

Hawaii State Department of Health 2010. Hawaiian/Part-Hawaiian AIDS Cases in Hawaii.
http://hawaii.gov/health/healthy-lifestyles/std-aids/aboutus/prg-aids/aids_rep/1h2008.pdf [PDF 91.6KB]