average risk of infection with hiv

Breast milk transmission can occur at anytime. Although data from some studies suggest that breast milk transmission commonly occurs within the first months of life. A recent study of 4,085 breastfed infants of HIV-1 positive women 12 demonstrated a constant risk of transmission (8.9 transmissions per 100 child years of breastfeeding) between 1 and 18 months of age. Richardson and colleagues, have estimated the probability of breast milk transmission at .00064 per liter ingested and .00028 per day of breastfeeding; the latter is roughly equivalent to the probability of transmission of HIV-1 per unprotected sex act between adults. Multiple studies have shown that advanced maternal disease with low CD4+ T cell counts or high plasma HIV-1 RNA copy numbers is associated with the highest risk of breast milk transmission;JLS.