Response from Dr. Remien

You are asking a complicated question AND I am not a physician. Thus I cannot give you a definitive answer on any of this. However, I will make a few comments, based on what I know, and I think may be helpful to you and other readers.
Viral load does seem to be a factor in likelihood of transmission (less likely with lower viral load), but there is ALWAYS a risk of transmission no matter what level of viral load because the virus is always present in blood and genital secretions.
There is not a one-to-one correlation between viral load of plasma (blood) and viral load of genital secretions.
The presence of other STDs does increase the risk of transmission of HIV.
Most people seroconvert (have measurable antibodies) within a few weeks to 3 months. Some can take longer. However, the sensitivity of the antibody test is improving which means the "window" in which antibodies are not detected is becoming smaller with advancements in testing technology.
It is possible to conduct a viral load test (PCR) to diagnose "acute infection." Acute infection is the period of time when someone is newly infected, but does not yet have measurable HIV antibodies. The test is not routinely done and is expensive. But it is being done in some research and clinical practice settings.
Continue to work with your doctor and I wish you luck. If you have any questions about behaviors that carry risk for HIV transmission, PLEASE speak with your doctor and/or an HIV counselor. You can also read the questions and answers on The Body's Safe Sex and HIV Prevention Forum
Finally, think about and talk with a counselor about ways of avoiding risky behavior when you are drinking!
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